https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1875

BCG vaccination impact on mortality and recovery rates in COVID-19: A meta-analysis

Vol. 91 No. 4 (2021)
Submitted: April 3, 2021
Accepted: June 8, 2021
Published: August 9, 2021
BCG, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract Views: 1782
PDF: 731
Supplementary Fig 1: 91
Supplementary Fig 2: 69
Supplementary Fig 3: 82
Supplementary Fig 4: 84
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Authors

Surjit Singh
sehmby_ss@yahoo.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8990-3235
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
Daisy Khera
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-1370
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
Ankita Chugh
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-6396
Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
Sameer Khasbage
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3235-7197
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
Pushpinder S. Khera
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-5462
Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
Vinay Kumar Chugh
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8885-3037
Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.

COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus which is a very worrisome public health emergency. In this study, we compared the mortality rate and recovery rate in countries with and without BCG vaccination policy. The data of mortality of COVID-19 was extracted from worldometer (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/) on 26th July 2020. The data of countries where BCG vaccination is being done for all individuals is taken from BCG world atlas (http://www.bcgatlas.org/index.php), updated in 2017. BCG vaccination policy recommended countries are intervention group versus countries without BCG vaccination policies which are regarded as control group. Pooled analysis of countries with and without BCG vaccination policy revealed mortality rate of 1.31% (95%CI – 1.31% to 1.32%; I2 = 100%, p<0.01) and 3.25% (95%CI – 3.23% to 3.26%; I2 = 100%, p<0.01), respectively. The recovery rates in two country groups were found to be 72.60% (95%CI – 72.57% to 72.63%) and 55.94% (95%CI – 55.90% to 55.98%), respectively. 52 individuals need to be BCG vaccinated to prevent one death (NNT = 52). In BCG vaccination program countries, there is statistically and clinically significant less mortality (p<0.001) as compared to countries without BCG policy. Our findings corroborate the hypothesis that BCG vaccination may provide protection from COVID-19. High quality evidence from randomised controlled trials are required to establish causality between BCG vaccination and protection from severe COVID-19.

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How to Cite

Singh, Surjit, Daisy Khera, Ankita Chugh, Sameer Khasbage, Pushpinder S. Khera, and Vinay Kumar Chugh. 2021. “BCG Vaccination Impact on Mortality and Recovery Rates in COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 91 (4). https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1875.
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