Nursing Role in Cardiac Prevention

The lack of a multidisciplinary approach is certainly among the causes of the ineffectiveness of intervention in the field of cardiovascular secondary prevention. By multidisciplinary approach is meant involving cardiologists, nurses, rehabilitation therapists, dieticians as well as psychologists in the framing of interventions tailor made to patients needs. In particular, people working in the nursing area can play a very important role which can be summed up into three different levels: a technical level, aiming at the cooperation with cardiologists to carry out diagnostic examinations and give a portrait of patients in terms of risks; a second level consists in giving information, and helping to face the disease, as well as stepping in during its evolution, almost a health counsellor for the patients; finally the nurse can act as a psychological support both to the patient and his/her family during acute illnesses and reassure him/her that he/she is being treated properly and that successively will resume a good quality of life. Hospital represent an ideal place for secondary prevention, at least in the first phases of the intervention. The results collected during hospitalization would be rapidly lost if they were not followed and sustained in the medium- long term by structured follow-up programmes. The development of ambulatories might represent a link between hospitals and the territory, i.e. the specialist and one’s personal physician. The staff of ambulatories should comprise a cardiologist and a trained professional nurse, this being specialized, specifically, in cardiology and cardiovascular prevention. Staff of the type described could work independently, co-ordinating ambulatories on the territory within the framework of standardized recognized protocols and relating information concerning patients, general practitioners and other surgeries. In this way, an essential link of the continuity in medical care would be guaranteed.