https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2022.2145
Thyroid dysfunction on the heart: clinical effects, prognostic impact and management strategies
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Published: 24 March 2022
Thyroid hormones have a considerable influence on cardiac function and structure. There are direct and indirect effects of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system, which are prominent in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. In this review, we discuss how thyroid dysfunction impacts cardiovascular pathophysiology and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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